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Phyllostegia brevidens

A.Gray (1862)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Phyllostegia

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Probably scandent subshrubs.

Stems: Stems glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades ovate–elliptic to elliptic–obovate, ca. 7–13 cm long, 2.5–5.3 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base broadly cuneate. Surfaces glabrous to very sparsely strigillose. Margins dentate–serrate. Petioles ca. 1.5–2.3 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 14–20 per verticillaster, in open, unbranched, terminal, bracteate, racemose inflorescences to ca. 10–15 cm long, pedicels 10–16 mm long on a common peduncle 1–2 mm long, bracts ca. 20–60 mm long, very sparsely strigillose. Calyx obconical, 4–6 mm long, enlarging in fruit, sparsely strigillose along nerves, also minutely glandular–dotted, usually 5-toothed, the teeth nearly obsolete, apex merely sinuate to broadly deltate, 1–1.8 mm long, apex rounded, splitting longitudinally, usually persistent or sometimes only ventral 1/2 persistent. Corolla bilabiate, white, tube narrowly funnelform, usually curved, ca. 8–12 mm long, upper lip entire or 2-lobed, flat or concave, ca. 6 mm long, lower lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes ovate, slightly asymmetrical, lower lobe broadly ovate to suborbicular, ca. 10 mm long, slightly folded to form a groove, margins somewhat undulate, apex emarginate or entire; nectary disk often present at base of ovary, annular or developed on anterior side only. Stamens 4, both pairs of similar length or upper pair slightly longer, ascending the upper corolla lip, included, aligned with the sinuses; filaments inserted near throat, usually pubescent; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits; anther sacs divaricate. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate, placentation basal-axile; ovules 1 per ovary lobe; style 1, included, arising between lobes, shortly 2-lobed, the lobes clavate; stigmatic only at apex, 1 lobe often rudimentary; stigmas 2.

Fruit: Nutlets 1-seeded; ca. 6 mm long; dark green to black; drupaceous; exocarp fleshy; obovoid; margins slightly winged; obliquely attached at the connate base; spreading and exserted from calyx at maturity. Seeds with endosperm absent or scanty and oily.

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 343 (1862)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:814 (H); Wagner 1999a:267 (EM); Wood et al. 2019 (EXTINCT); Wood 13730 BISH (M†, 2009); Perlman 12293 PTBG (H†, 1991)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Phyllostegia brevidens Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Hawaii BISH
2 Phyllostegia brevidens Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
3 Phyllostegia brevidens Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing within a moist gully. Open to scattered Metrosideros forest with an open Cibotium understory. Pahoehoe substrate. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling vine. Ht. 10 ft., basal diam. 1 in., coverage 10 ft. x 15 ft., vigor excellent. Flowering profusely, at least 30 terminal inflorescences; flrs. white with a rose streak on lower lip. Stems sub-quadrangular streaked with purple. Clarke, G. 574 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-26
4 Phyllostegia brevidens Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details ridge; Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Metrosideros. Preserved_Specimen large shrub-vine, trailing over and under Cheirodendron, Coprosma, and Metrosideros. Harrison, B. 600 Maui BISH 1974-03-13
5 Phyllostegia brevidens Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rain forest dominated by Ohia, Myrsine, Cheirodendron & Broussaisia. The mint was climbing a tree that was growing from the floor of a collapsed lava tube. Preserved_Specimen Giffin, J. Hawaii BISH 1985-04-16
6 Phyllostegia brevidens Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing within a moist gully. Open to scattered Metrosideros forest with an open Cibotium understory. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling vine. Ht. 10 ft., basal diam. 1 in., coverage 10 ft. x 15 ft., vigor excellent. Flowering profusely, at least 30 terminal inflorescences; flrs. white with a rose streak on lower lip. Stems sub-quadrangular streaked with purple. Clarke, G. 574 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-26
7 Phyllostegia brevidens Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia-Metrosideros-Cheirodendron montane wet forest with sections of Dicarnopteris fernland. W/ Rubus hawaiiensis, Perrottetia, Broussaisia, Pipturus, Cyrtandra spathulata, Kadua affinis, Machaerina angustifolia, Psychotrira, Diplazium sandwichianum, Clermontia arborescens, Freycinetia, Melico Preserved_Specimen vining shrub of 5 m, stems 12 mm @ base, with fruit, 2 plants Wood, K.R. 13730 Maui BISH 2009-05-11
8 Phyllostegia brevidens Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing within a moist gully. Open to scattered Metrosideros forest with an open Cibotium understory. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling vine. Ht. 10 ft., basal diam. 1 in., coverage 10 ft. x 15 ft., vigor excellent. Flowering profusely, at least 30 terminal inflorescences; flrs. white with a rose streak on lower lip. Stems sub-quadrangular streaked with purple. Clarke, G. 574 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-26
9 Phyllostegia brevidens Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Growing within a moist gully. Habitat: open to scattered Metrosideros forest with an open Cibotium understory. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling vine. Ht. 10 ft., basal diam. 1 in., coverage 10 ft. x 15 ft., vigor excellent. Flowering profusely, at least 30 terminal inflorescences; flrs. white with a rose streak on lower lip. Stems sub-quadrangular streaked with purple. Clarke, G. 574 Hawaii BISH 1981-02-26
10 Phyllostegia brevidens Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa-Metrosideros polymorpha montane wet forest w/ Melicope clusiifolia, M. balloui, M. ovalis, M. molokaiensis, understory thick w/ pteridophytes on the banks of pristine riparian community. Preserved_Specimen 5 m long, branching vine; scandant in Clermontia arboria; stems at base 3 cm in dia; young stems thickly strigose, losing hairs with age; vigorous; fruit dark-green. Wood, K.R. 3200 Maui BISH 1994-05-20
11 Phyllostegia brevidens Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic to wet koa forest with understory of Perrottetia sandwicensis, Psychotria hawaiiensis, Broussaisia arguta, Hedyotis acuminata. On slope. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling in subcanopy; corolla white, fragrant. Wagner, W.L. 5897 Maui BISH 1988-03-09
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